| Type | Book |
|---|---|
| Date | 1977-12 |
| Pages | 160 |
| Tags | nonfiction, language learning, Japanese, Project: Learn Japanese, 75 in 2019 |
On the use of aizuchi in conversation.
Do not use γγ«γ‘γ― as a generic replacement for English 'hello'. It is not appropriate for use with the in-group.
On the usage of γ©γγ.
Expressions like γγγγ§γγ or γ©γγ§γγ should not be used as general greetings.
Ending a phrase with γ or γγ© is a polite way to invite the interlocutor to complete it with their request.
Do not use γγͺγ for people to whom you should be showing respect.
The phrase ε€±η€ΌγγΎγ, which literally means "I will be rude" (and other forms of the same), can be used in a variety of situations as a salutation, apology, thanks, or for other purposes.
γγ£γ¦γγΎγ is used to mean "I will bring (some object)" and should not be used to speak of bringing people. Use γ€γγ¦γγΎγ for that.
In the case of iru and aru, the distinction is very rigid; all inanimate things are referred to with aru, and all living things are referred to with the verb iru, from human beings down to such tiny creatures as mosquitoes.
The distinction between tsurete-kuru and motte-kuru is somewhat different. Motte-kuru is used in the case of all inanimate things, but tsurete-kuru is not necessarily used with all living things. Human beings are described with this verb, and for dogs, too, it is used without question; but for smaller pets like goldfish or birds, one does not usually use tsurete-kuru. It seems that tsurete-kuru presupposes that the object of the action is capable of moving, guided by the person who does the action of bringing it. Human beings, however, do not have to possess this characteristic in order to be described with tsurete-kuru -- bringing a baby is describe as tsurete-kuru even though he cannot walk yet.
Use the past tense to refer to actions that have completed. For example, η΅ε©γγδΊΊ means a person who is going to get married, while η΅ε©γγδΊΊ means a person who has already gotten married.
Pay attention to long vowel sounds. γγ γγ means husband, while γγ γγγ means prisoner, for example.
| Term | Location |
|---|---|
| Japanese, aizuchi | 14β15 |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Nobuko Mizutani | Author |
| Osamu Mizutani | Author |
| The Japan Times, Ltd. | Publisher |